CVE-2025-64102Network attack vector

Account impersonation via unenforced authentication lockout

Published Oct 29, 2025 · Updated Oct 29, 2025

Improper authentication-attempt limiting in ZITADEL before 2.71.18, 3.4.3, and 4.6.0 allows remote authenticated users to impersonate users. OTP, TOTP, and password checks, especially in resource-based APIs, do not consistently enforce the optional lockout policy, and no default delay slows repeated failures. An active authentication flow and a target factor are required; successful guessing grants access as the victim, while enabled lockout can instead interrupt that user's access.

CVSS severity7.7
High
EPSS probability0.34%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper authentication-attempt limiting in ZITADEL before 2.71.18, 3.4.3, and 4.6.0 allows remote authenticated users to impersonate users. OTP, TOTP, and password checks, especially in resource-based APIs, do not consistently enforce the optional lockout policy, and no default delay slows repeated failures. An active authentication flow and a target factor are required; successful guessing grants access as the victim, while enabled lockout can instead interrupt that user's access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-64102
Published
Oct 29, 2025
Updated
Oct 29, 2025
Vendor
ZITADEL
Product
ZITADEL
Classifications
CWE-307, T1110
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 2.0.0, < 2.71.18
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 3.0.0-rc.1, < 3.4.3
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.6.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

ZITADEL · ZITADELversion=>= 2.0.0, < 2.71.18; version=>= 3.0.0-rc.1, < 3.4.3; version=>= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.6.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.7GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
T1110Brute Force

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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