CVE-2025-62398Network attack vector

Authenticated MFA bypass via endpoint exemptions

Published Oct 23, 2025 · Updated Oct 23, 2025

Authentication bypass in Moodle LMS 4.4.0 through 4.4.10, 4.5.0 through 4.5.6, and 5.0.0 through 5.0.2 lets remote authenticated users bypass MFA. The tool_mfa manager's should_require_mfa method returned no redirect for AJAX and web-service endpoints while the session's mfa_pending flag remained set. A valid username and password and an MFA-enabled site are required; successful requests enter the account before the second factor completes.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.23%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Moodle LMS 4.4.0 through 4.4.10, 4.5.0 through 4.5.6, and 5.0.0 through 5.0.2 lets remote authenticated users bypass MFA. The tool_mfa manager's should_require_mfa method returned no redirect for AJAX and web-service endpoints while the session's mfa_pending flag remained set. A valid username and password and an MFA-enabled site are required; successful requests enter the account before the second factor completes.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-62398
Published
Oct 23, 2025
Updated
Oct 23, 2025
Vendor
Moodle
Product
Moodle LMS
Classifications
CWE-287, T1078
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.4.0 <4.4.11
  2. Affected versionversion=4.5.0 <4.5.7
  3. Affected versionversion=5.0.0 <5.0.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Moodle · Moodle LMSversion=4.4.0 <4.4.11; version=4.5.0 <4.5.7; version=5.0.0 <5.0.3

Published CVSS scores

5.4CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
5.3GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-287Improper Authentication
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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