CVE-2025-62395Network attack vector

Restricted cohort disclosure via insufficient context checks

Published Oct 23, 2025 · Updated Oct 23, 2025

Improper access control in affected Moodle LMS releases allows remote authenticated users to read restricted system cohort data. The external cohort search web service accepts permissions granted in a lower context when returning cohorts from the system context instead of enforcing access for that context. An account permitted to manage or view lower-context cohorts can retrieve restricted administrative cohort information; no write or service-interruption impact is reported.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.23%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper access control in affected Moodle LMS releases allows remote authenticated users to read restricted system cohort data. The external cohort search web service accepts permissions granted in a lower context when returning cohorts from the system context instead of enforcing access for that context. An account permitted to manage or view lower-context cohorts can retrieve restricted administrative cohort information; no write or service-interruption impact is reported.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-62395
Published
Oct 23, 2025
Updated
Oct 23, 2025
Vendor
Moodle
Product
Moodle LMS
Classifications
CWE-284, T1213
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.1.0 <4.1.21
  2. Affected versionversion=4.4.0 <4.4.11
  3. Affected versionversion=4.5.0 <4.5.7
  4. Affected versionversion=5.0.0 <5.0.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Moodle · Moodle LMSversion=4.1.0 <4.1.21; version=4.4.0 <4.4.11; version=4.5.0 <4.5.7; version=5.0.0 <5.0.3

Published CVSS scores

4.3NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.3Fedora ProjectCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-284Improper Access Control
T1213Data from Information Repositories

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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