CVE-2025-61985

Local code execution via percent-encoded NUL

Published Oct 6, 2025 · Updated Oct 6, 2025

Command injection in OpenSSH ssh before 10.1 allows local users to execute shell expressions through a crafted ssh:// URI. The urldecode function accepts percent-encoded %00 as a NUL byte instead of rejecting it before the remote username reaches ProxyCommand expansion. Exploitation requires an ssh command line built from an untrusted URI and a configured ProxyCommand using %r; injected expressions run as the invoking user.

CVSS severity3.6
Low
EPSS probability0.12%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in OpenSSH ssh before 10.1 allows local users to execute shell expressions through a crafted ssh:// URI. The urldecode function accepts percent-encoded %00 as a NUL byte instead of rejecting it before the remote username reaches ProxyCommand expansion. Exploitation requires an ssh command line built from an untrusted URI and a configured ProxyCommand using %r; injected expressions run as the invoking user.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-61985
Published
Oct 6, 2025
Updated
Oct 6, 2025
Vendor
OpenBSD Project
Product
OpenSSH
Classifications
CWE-158, T1059.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 6, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 6, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <10.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenBSD Project · OpenSSHversion=0 <10.1

Published CVSS scores

3.6MITRECVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-158Improper Neutralization of Null Byte or NUL Character
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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