CVE-2025-61748Network attack vector

Unauthenticated data modification through Libraries APIs

Published Oct 21, 2025 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

Improper access control in Oracle Java SE and GraalVM Libraries allows remote attackers to alter accessible data via multiple protocols. Oracle has not published the affected library, API, or access-control operation; it states only that supplied data reaches Libraries APIs, including through web services. Exploitation requires high-complexity conditions and no authentication, and successful attacks can update, insert, or delete some accessible data in server API or sandboxed-client deployments.

CVSS severity3.7
Low
EPSS probability0.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper access control in Oracle Java SE and GraalVM Libraries allows remote attackers to alter accessible data via multiple protocols. Oracle has not published the affected library, API, or access-control operation; it states only that supplied data reaches Libraries APIs, including through web services. Exploitation requires high-complexity conditions and no authentication, and successful attacks can update, insert, or delete some accessible data in server API or sandboxed-client deployments.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-61748
Published
Oct 21, 2025
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
Oracle Corporation
Product
Oracle GraalVM for JDK
Classifications
CWE-284, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=21.0.8

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Oracle Corporation · Oracle GraalVM for JDKversion=21.0.8
Oracle Corporation · Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Editionversion=21.3.15
Oracle Corporation · Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)version=21.0.8; version=25

Published CVSS scores

3.7OracleCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-284Improper Access Control
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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