CVE-2025-61588Network attack vector

Guest code execution via sys_read pointer arithmetic

Published Oct 1, 2025 · Updated Oct 1, 2025

Code injection in RISC Zero zkVM before 2.1.0 allows remote attackers controlling a host response to execute code in a guest. The v1compat kernel's sys_read path uses vulnerable pointer arithmetic on a host-supplied read response, permitting an arbitrary write to guest memory. Every guest built with an affected platform release is exposed because sys_read handles guest input, and compromise invalidates the guest's soundness guarantees.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability0.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in RISC Zero zkVM before 2.1.0 allows remote attackers controlling a host response to execute code in a guest. The v1compat kernel's sys_read path uses vulnerable pointer arithmetic on a host-supplied read response, permitting an arbitrary write to guest memory. Every guest built with an affected platform release is exposed because sys_read handles guest input, and compromise invalidates the guest's soundness guarantees.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-61588
Published
Oct 1, 2025
Updated
Oct 1, 2025
Vendor
RISC Zero
Product
RISC Zero zkVM
Classifications
CWE-94
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 1, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.1.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

RISC Zero · RISC Zero zkVMversion=< 2.1.0

Published CVSS scores

9.3GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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