CVE-2025-61140Network attack vector

Object prototype modification via unsafe value path

Published Jan 28, 2026 · Updated Jan 28, 2026

Prototype pollution in jsonpath 1.1.1 allows attackers to modify Object.prototype through a crafted path passed to value(). The value() setter accepts special path keys such as proto, constructor, and prototype without validation and assigns the supplied value through them. Exploitation requires a consuming Node.js application to pass attacker-controlled path and value data to this API; successful pollution changes properties inherited by other objects in that process.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.44%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Prototype pollution in jsonpath 1.1.1 allows attackers to modify Object.prototype through a crafted path passed to value(). The value() setter accepts special path keys such as proto, constructor, and prototype without validation and assigns the supplied value through them. Exploitation requires a consuming Node.js application to pass attacker-controlled path and value data to this API; successful pollution changes properties inherited by other objects in that process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-61140
Published
Jan 28, 2026
Updated
Jan 28, 2026
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-1321, CWE-502
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 28, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 28, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1321Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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