CVE-2025-60704Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Privilege escalation via unkeyed S4U identity checksum

Published Nov 11, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Windows Kerberos in affected Windows releases allows man-in-the-middle attackers to impersonate domain users through crafted S4U2Self traffic. The KDC accepts an injected PA-S4U-X509-USER identity protected only by unkeyed RSA-MD4, while the client accepts a reply after the validation PA-DATA is removed. Exploitation requires interception of Kerberos traffic, RC4 compatibility, user activity, and an S4U protocol-transition deployment; success grants the chosen user's delegated authorization context.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.53%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Windows Kerberos in affected Windows releases allows man-in-the-middle attackers to impersonate domain users through crafted S4U2Self traffic. The KDC accepts an injected PA-S4U-X509-USER identity protected only by unkeyed RSA-MD4, while the client accepts a reply after the validation PA-DATA is removed. Exploitation requires interception of Kerberos traffic, RC4 compatibility, user activity, and an S4U protocol-transition deployment; success grants the chosen user's delegated authorization context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-60704
Published
Nov 11, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
Microsoft
Product
Windows Server 2019
Classifications
CWE-325, T1557
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8027

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Microsoft · Windows Server 2019version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8027
Microsoft · Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.7171
Microsoft · Windows 11, version 25H2version=10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.7171
Microsoft · Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8594
Microsoft · Windows 11, version 24H2version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.7171
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)version=6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25768
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012version=6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25768
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 21H2version=10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.6575
Microsoft · Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)version=10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.1965
Microsoft · Windows Server 2016version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8594
Microsoft · Windows 11 Version 22H3version=10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6199
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1version=6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.28021
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)version=6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.28021
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 22H2version=10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.6575
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)version=6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22869
Microsoft · Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8027
Microsoft · Windows 11 Version 23H2version=10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6199
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1607version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8594
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2version=6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.23624
Microsoft · Windows Server 2022version=10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.4405
Microsoft · Windows Server 2025version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.7171
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1809version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8027
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 R2version=6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22869
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)version=6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.23624

Published CVSS scores

7.5MicrosoftCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-325Missing Cryptographic Step
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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