CVE-2025-60455Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via pickled ZMQ messages

Published Nov 18, 2025 · Updated Nov 19, 2025

Unsafe deserialization in Modular Max Serve before 25.6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through its KV-cache agent. The agent accepts unauthenticated ZeroMQ TCP messages and passes attacker-controlled payloads to Python pickle deserialization, which can invoke code during object reconstruction. Exposure requires the experimental --experimental-enable-kvcache-agent feature; successful exploitation executes code in the server process and can compromise its data and availability.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability0.31%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Unsafe deserialization in Modular Max Serve before 25.6.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through its KV-cache agent. The agent accepts unauthenticated ZeroMQ TCP messages and passes attacker-controlled payloads to Python pickle deserialization, which can invoke code during object reconstruction. Exposure requires the experimental --experimental-enable-kvcache-agent feature; successful exploitation executes code in the server process and can compromise its data and availability.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-60455
Published
Nov 18, 2025
Updated
Nov 19, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-502, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 18, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

8.4CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted Data
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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