CVE-2025-60355Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated command execution via editable FreeMarker template

Published Oct 28, 2025 · Updated Oct 28, 2025

Server-side template injection in zhangyd-c OneBlog 2.3.9 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute operating-system commands. The template2String function in FreeMarkerUtil.java parses stored TM_ROBOTS content as a FreeMarker template, allowing its Execute helper to invoke commands when /robots.txt is rendered. Background management access is required to edit TM_ROBOTS; a later request to /robots.txt triggers execution under the server process account.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in zhangyd-c OneBlog 2.3.9 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute operating-system commands. The template2String function in FreeMarkerUtil.java parses stored TM_ROBOTS content as a FreeMarker template, allowing its Execute helper to invoke commands when /robots.txt is rendered. Background management access is required to edit TM_ROBOTS; a later request to /robots.txt triggers execution under the server process account.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-60355
Published
Oct 28, 2025
Updated
Oct 28, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-1336, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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