CVE-2025-6015Network attack vector

MFA bypass via nonnormalized TOTP code reuse

Published Aug 1, 2025 · Updated Aug 1, 2025

Login MFA bypass in HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise 1.10.0 through 1.20.0 allows remote authenticated users to reuse TOTP codes. The login MFA path checks the once-per-validity-window reuse record without correctly normalizing the submitted TOTP code, so equivalent encodings evade that check. Exploitation requires an authenticated login flow, a still-valid previously used TOTP code, and user interaction; it bypasses second-factor freshness and grants the data access authorized to that login.

CVSS severity5.7
Medium
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Login MFA bypass in HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise 1.10.0 through 1.20.0 allows remote authenticated users to reuse TOTP codes. The login MFA path checks the once-per-validity-window reuse record without correctly normalizing the submitted TOTP code, so equivalent encodings evade that check. Exploitation requires an authenticated login flow, a still-valid previously used TOTP code, and user interaction; it bypasses second-factor freshness and grants the data access authorized to that login.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-6015
Published
Aug 1, 2025
Updated
Aug 1, 2025
Vendor
HashiCorp
Product
Vault
Classifications
CWE-307, T1078
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 1, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.10.0 <1.20.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

HashiCorp · Vaultversion=1.10.0 <1.20.1
HashiCorp · Vault Enterpriseversion=1.10.0 <1.20.1 changes=[{"at":"1.19.7","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"1.18.12","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"1.16.23","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

5.7GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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