CVE-2025-59934Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Account takeover via unsigned password-reset tokens

Published Sep 26, 2025 · Updated Sep 26, 2025

Improper JWT verification in Formbricks before 4.0.1 allows remote attackers to take over accounts through forged password-reset tokens. The shared verifyToken routine in apps/web/lib/jwt.ts calls jwt.decode instead of verifying the signature, expiry, issuer, or audience. Knowledge of a victim's user.id is required; an unsigned token then reaches the reset action and changes that account's password without prior authentication.

CVSS severity9.4
Critical
EPSS probability8.07%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper JWT verification in Formbricks before 4.0.1 allows remote attackers to take over accounts through forged password-reset tokens. The shared verifyToken routine in apps/web/lib/jwt.ts calls jwt.decode instead of verifying the signature, expiry, issuer, or audience. Knowledge of a victim's user.id is required; an unsigned token then reaches the reset action and changes that account's password without prior authentication.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-59934
Published
Sep 26, 2025
Updated
Sep 26, 2025
Vendor
Formbricks
Product
Formbricks
Classifications
CWE-347, CWE-287, CWE-345, T1098
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 26, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 4.0.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Formbricks · Formbricksversion=< 4.0.1

Published CVSS scores

9.4GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-347Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
CWE-287Improper Authentication
CWE-345Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
T1098Account Manipulation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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