CVE-2025-59717Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Rendering policy bypass via substring allow-list checks

Published Sep 19, 2025 · Updated Sep 19, 2025

Type confusion in DigitalOcean do-markdownit 1.16.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass configured rendering allow-lists. When allowedClasses or allowedEnvironments is a string rather than an array, callout and fence_environment use String.includes(), accepting partial substrings instead of exact list members. Exploitation requires a downstream service to expose attacker-controlled Markdown while configuring either option as a string, enabling unauthorized classes or environments in rendered output.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Type confusion in DigitalOcean do-markdownit 1.16.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass configured rendering allow-lists. When allowedClasses or allowedEnvironments is a string rather than an array, callout and fence_environment use String.includes(), accepting partial substrings instead of exact list members. Exploitation requires a downstream service to expose attacker-controlled Markdown while configuring either option as a string, enabling unauthorized classes or environments in rendered output.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-59717
Published
Sep 19, 2025
Updated
Sep 19, 2025
Vendor
DigitalOcean
Product
do-markdownit
Classifications
CWE-843, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 19, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.16.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

DigitalOcean · do-markdownitversion=0 <=1.16.1

Published CVSS scores

5.4MITRECVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-843Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ('Type Confusion')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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