CVE-2025-59685Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthorized endpoint access via unsigned JWT acceptance

Published Oct 1, 2025 · Updated Oct 28, 2025

Improper JWT validation in Kazaar 1.25.12 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain unauthorized responses via unsigned tokens. The application trusts the client-controlled alg value, accepts none, and processes a token after its signature is removed. The published procedure starts with a valid user session, while CISA rates privileges as none; the scope of exposed data is undisclosed.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.32%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper JWT validation in Kazaar 1.25.12 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain unauthorized responses via unsigned tokens. The application trusts the client-controlled alg value, accepts none, and processes a token after its signature is removed. The published procedure starts with a valid user session, while CISA rates privileges as none; the scope of exposed data is undisclosed.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-59685
Published
Oct 1, 2025
Updated
Oct 28, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
T1550.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

5.3CISACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1550.001Use Alternate Authentication Material: Application Access Token

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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