CVE-2025-59471Network attack vector

Unauthenticated server crash via unbounded image buffering

Published Jan 26, 2026 · Updated Jan 26, 2026

Denial of service in the Image Optimizer in Vercel Next.js 10.0.0 through 15.5.9 and 16.0.0 through 16.1.4 allows remote attackers to crash servers. The /_next/image endpoint buffers an allowed remote image entirely in process memory without a size limit before optimization. Exposure requires a self-hosted deployment with remotePatterns enabled and attacker control of a large image on an allowed domain; exhaustion terminates the Node.js process without exposing or modifying data.

CVSS severity5.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in the Image Optimizer in Vercel Next.js 10.0.0 through 15.5.9 and 16.0.0 through 16.1.4 allows remote attackers to crash servers. The /_next/image endpoint buffers an allowed remote image entirely in process memory without a size limit before optimization. Exposure requires a self-hosted deployment with remotePatterns enabled and attacker control of a large image on an allowed domain; exhaustion terminates the Node.js process without exposing or modifying data.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-59471
Published
Jan 26, 2026
Updated
Jan 26, 2026
Vendor
Vercel
Product
Next.js
Classifications
CWE-400, CWE-770, CAPEC-130, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 26, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=10.0 <10.0
  2. Affected versionversion=11.0 <11.0
  3. Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.0
  4. Affected versionversion=13.0 <13.0
  5. Affected versionversion=14.0 <14.0
  6. Affected versionversion=15.0 <15.5.10
  7. Affected versionversion=16.0 <16.1.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Vercel · Next.jsversion=10.0 <10.0; version=11.0 <11.0; version=12.0 <12.0; version=13.0 <13.0; version=14.0 <14.0; version=15.0 <15.5.10; version=16.0 <16.1.5

Published CVSS scores

5.9GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CAPEC-130Excessive Allocation
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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