CVE-2025-59144Known exploitationNetwork attack vector

Cryptocurrency theft via browser transaction rewriting

Published Sep 15, 2025 · Updated Sep 15, 2025

Embedded malicious code in debug 4.4.2 allows attackers to redirect browser-based cryptocurrency transactions to their addresses. Obfuscated code in src/index.js hooks browser Web3 APIs, intercepts wallet requests and network responses, and replaces legitimate destinations with attacker-controlled addresses. Execution requires the package in a browser bundle with a Web3 wallet; Node.js, server, command-line, and other local contexts are unaffected.

CVSS severity8.2
High
EPSS probability0.41%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Embedded malicious code in debug 4.4.2 allows attackers to redirect browser-based cryptocurrency transactions to their addresses. Obfuscated code in src/index.js hooks browser Web3 APIs, intercepts wallet requests and network responses, and replaces legitimate destinations with attacker-controlled addresses. Execution requires the package in a browser bundle with a Web3 wallet; Node.js, server, command-line, and other local contexts are unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-59144
Published
Sep 15, 2025
Updated
Sep 15, 2025
Vendor
debug-js
Product
debug
Classifications
CWE-506, T1565.002, T1195.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 8, 2025Exploitation reportedCompromised npm package publication
  2. Sep 15, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  3. Sep 15, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion== 4.4.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

debug-js · debugversion== 4.4.2

Published CVSS scores

8.2GitLab Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
8.8GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:A/U:Red

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-506Embedded Malicious Code
T1565.002Transmitted Data Manipulation
T1195.002Compromise Software Supply Chain

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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