CVE-2025-59043Network attack vector

Unauthenticated server crash via amplified JSON decoding

Published Oct 17, 2025 · Updated Oct 17, 2025

Resource exhaustion in OpenBao before 2.4.1 allows remote attackers to crash the server with a crafted unauthenticated JSON request. Early request handling decodes the body into a map before authentication, allowing a compact object to expand roughly 35-fold in memory and evade max_request_size. No credentials or user interaction are required; memory exhaustion causes an out-of-memory crash, while string-heavy requests also drive audit CPU consumption.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.65%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Resource exhaustion in OpenBao before 2.4.1 allows remote attackers to crash the server with a crafted unauthenticated JSON request. Early request handling decodes the body into a map before authentication, allowing a compact object to expand roughly 35-fold in memory and evade max_request_size. No credentials or user interaction are required; memory exhaustion causes an out-of-memory crash, while string-heavy requests also drive audit CPU consumption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-59043
Published
Oct 17, 2025
Updated
Oct 17, 2025
Vendor
OpenBao
Product
OpenBao
Classifications
CWE-400, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 17, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenBao · OpenBaoversion=< 2.4.1

Published CVSS scores

7.5GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation Flood

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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