Protected image disclosure via header-blind cache keys
Published Aug 29, 2025 · Updated Sep 2, 2025
Cache key confusion in Next.js before 14.2.31 and 15.0.0 through 15.4.4 allows remote attackers to read protected image responses. fetchInternalImage forwards Cookie and Authorization headers to internal API image routes, but the optimizer caches the resulting image without including those headers in its cache key. Exposure requires Image Optimization, a header-dependent API image route, and a prior authorized request to populate the cache; Vercel deployments were not affected.
Summary
What happened
Cache key confusion in Next.js before 14.2.31 and 15.0.0 through 15.4.4 allows remote attackers to read protected image responses. fetchInternalImage forwards Cookie and Authorization headers to internal API image routes, but the optimizer caches the resulting image without including those headers in its cache key. Exposure requires Image Optimization, a header-dependent API image route, and a prior authorized request to populate the cache; Vercel deployments were not affected.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2025-57752
- Published
- Aug 29, 2025
- Updated
- Sep 2, 2025
- Vendor
- Vercel
- Product
- Next.js
- Classifications
- CWE-524, CAPEC-204, T1190
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Aug 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Sep 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=< 14.2.31
- Affected versionversion=>= 15.0.0, < 15.4.5
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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