CVE-2025-55423Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated root command execution via unsanitized controlURL

Published Jan 20, 2026 · Updated Jan 20, 2026

OS command injection in affected ipTIME router firmware allows remote attackers on the same network to execute commands as root. The UPnP relay path stores an attacker-controlled controlURL from a discovered WAN-side IGD and passes it to system() without validation, allowing shell metacharacters to run. Exploitation requires same-network traffic manipulation, a malicious SSDP/UPnP server, and a port-forwarding add or delete event while UPnP Relay is enabled by default.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability3.47%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in affected ipTIME router firmware allows remote attackers on the same network to execute commands as root. The UPnP relay path stores an attacker-controlled controlURL from a discovered WAN-side IGD and passes it to system() without validation, allowing shell metacharacters to run. Exploitation requires same-network traffic manipulation, a malicious SSDP/UPnP server, and a port-forwarding add or delete event while UPnP Relay is enabled by default.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-55423
Published
Jan 20, 2026
Updated
Jan 20, 2026
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-94, T1557.002, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 20, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 20, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1557.002ARP Cache Poisoning
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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