CVE-2025-55280

Sensitive-data disclosure via plaintext firmware storage

Published Aug 13, 2025 · Updated Aug 13, 2025

Cleartext storage in ZKTeco WL20 ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8 and earlier allows physically proximate attackers to extract sensitive device data. The Wi-Fi module firmware stores Wi-Fi credentials, configuration data, system data, and attendance records without encryption. Physical disassembly and firmware reverse engineering expose credentials that enable unauthorized network access and device-data retrieval or manipulation.

CVSS severity5.2
Medium
EPSS probability0.13%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cleartext storage in ZKTeco WL20 ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8 and earlier allows physically proximate attackers to extract sensitive device data. The Wi-Fi module firmware stores Wi-Fi credentials, configuration data, system data, and attendance records without encryption. Physical disassembly and firmware reverse engineering expose credentials that enable unauthorized network access and device-data retrieval or manipulation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-55280
Published
Aug 13, 2025
Updated
Aug 13, 2025
Vendor
ZKTeco
Product
WL20
Classifications
CWE-312, CAPEC-37, T1552.001
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 13, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ZKTeco · WL20version=<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8

Published CVSS scores

5.2CERT-InCVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-312Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
CAPEC-37Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data
T1552.001Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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