CVE-2025-54999Network attack vector

Unauthenticated user enumeration via unequal login work

Published Aug 9, 2025 · Updated Aug 11, 2025

Observable timing discrepancy in OpenBao 0.1.0 through 2.3.1 allows remote attackers to enumerate userpass accounts. The userpass login path uses a raw dummy byte string for nonexistent users instead of a valid bcrypt hash and can avoid the storage work performed for existing users, producing measurable response-time differences. The userpass method must be enabled and reachable; no valid credentials are required, but repeated probes can trigger the default user-lockout control for real accounts.

CVSS severity3.7
Low
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Observable timing discrepancy in OpenBao 0.1.0 through 2.3.1 allows remote attackers to enumerate userpass accounts. The userpass login path uses a raw dummy byte string for nonexistent users instead of a valid bcrypt hash and can avoid the storage work performed for existing users, producing measurable response-time differences. The userpass method must be enabled and reachable; no valid credentials are required, but repeated probes can trigger the default user-lockout control for real accounts.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54999
Published
Aug 9, 2025
Updated
Aug 11, 2025
Vendor
OpenBao
Product
OpenBao
Classifications
CWE-203, CAPEC-189, T1589.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 0.1.0, < 2.3.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenBao · OpenBaoversion=>= 0.1.0, < 2.3.2

Published CVSS scores

3.7GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
3.7NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-203Observable Discrepancy
CAPEC-189Black Box Reverse Engineering
T1589.001Gather Victim Identity Information: Credentials

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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