CVE-2025-54878Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Heap corruption via unchecked IV copy

Published Aug 11, 2025 · Updated Aug 11, 2025

Heap buffer overflow in NASA CryptoLib 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to corrupt heap memory via a crafted telecommand frame. The Crypto_TC_Check_IV_Setup loop copies 12 IV bytes into a 19-byte allocation starting at offset eight without checking remaining capacity, so the final write lands one byte beyond the buffer. No privileges or user interaction are required; undefined behavior can crash the consuming process or enable more severe exploitation.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap buffer overflow in NASA CryptoLib 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to corrupt heap memory via a crafted telecommand frame. The Crypto_TC_Check_IV_Setup loop copies 12 IV bytes into a 19-byte allocation starting at offset eight without checking remaining capacity, so the final write lands one byte beyond the buffer. No privileges or user interaction are required; undefined behavior can crash the consuming process or enable more severe exploitation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54878
Published
Aug 11, 2025
Updated
Aug 11, 2025
Vendor
NASA
Product
CryptoLib
Classifications
CWE-122, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

NASA · CryptoLibversion=< 1.4.1

Published CVSS scores

8.6GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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