CVE-2025-54869Network attack vector

Server crash via cyclic PDF references

Published Aug 5, 2025 · Updated Aug 7, 2025

Denial of service in Setasign FPDI before 2.6.4 allows remote authenticated users to crash a server by submitting a cyclic PDF. PdfType::resolve and PdfReader page-tree traversal recursively follow attacker-controlled indirect-object and Kids references without tracking previously visited objects. Reachability requires an application to accept and parse user-supplied PDFs; repeated submissions can exhaust PHP memory and sustain service unavailability.

CVSS severity6.0
Medium
EPSS probability0.31%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in Setasign FPDI before 2.6.4 allows remote authenticated users to crash a server by submitting a cyclic PDF. PdfType::resolve and PdfReader page-tree traversal recursively follow attacker-controlled indirect-object and Kids references without tracking previously visited objects. Reachability requires an application to accept and parse user-supplied PDFs; repeated submissions can exhaust PHP memory and sustain service unavailability.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54869
Published
Aug 5, 2025
Updated
Aug 7, 2025
Vendor
Setasign
Product
FPDI
Classifications
CWE-770, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 5, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.6.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Setasign · FPDIversion=< 2.6.3

Published CVSS scores

6.0GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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