CVE-2025-54572Network attack vector

Unauthenticated service interruption via pre-limit Base64 validation

Published Jul 30, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Resource exhaustion in OneLogin ruby-saml before 1.18.1 allows remote attackers to interrupt SAML-enabled applications with large responses. The decode_message path runs base64_encoded? across the entire response before enforcing message_max_bytesize, so oversized input consumes CPU and memory before rejection. SAML must be configured and enabled; successful requests slow the application, make it unresponsive, or crash it.

CVSS severity6.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Resource exhaustion in OneLogin ruby-saml before 1.18.1 allows remote attackers to interrupt SAML-enabled applications with large responses. The decode_message path runs base64_encoded? across the entire response before enforcing message_max_bytesize, so oversized input consumes CPU and memory before rejection. SAML must be configured and enabled; successful requests slow the application, make it unresponsive, or crash it.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54572
Published
Jul 30, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
OneLogin
Product
ruby-saml
Classifications
CWE-400, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 30, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.18.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OneLogin · ruby-samlversion=< 1.18.1

Published CVSS scores

6.9INCIBE-CERTCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo