CVE-2025-54426Network attack vector

Signature-threshold bypass via invalid-point identity substitution

Published Jul 28, 2025 · Updated Jul 28, 2025

Cryptographic input validation in Frontier before commit 36f70d1 allows remote attackers to obtain incorrect Curve25519 results. Curve25519Add and Curve25519ScalarMul replace a failed Ristretto decompression with the identity element instead of returning an error. Reachability requires a runtime containing these precompiles; affected smart contracts can count invalid public keys toward a signing threshold.

CVSS severity9.9
Critical
EPSS probability0.31%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cryptographic input validation in Frontier before commit 36f70d1 allows remote attackers to obtain incorrect Curve25519 results. Curve25519Add and Curve25519ScalarMul replace a failed Ristretto decompression with the identity element instead of returning an error. Reachability requires a runtime containing these precompiles; affected smart contracts can count invalid public keys toward a signing threshold.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54426
Published
Jul 28, 2025
Updated
Jul 28, 2025
Vendor
Parity Technologies
Product
Frontier
Classifications
CWE-327
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=< 36f70d1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Parity Technologies · Frontierversion=< 36f70d1

Published CVSS scores

9.9GitHub CNACVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-327Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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