CVE-2025-54415Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Repository takeover via untrusted pull request execution

Published Jul 26, 2025 · Updated Jul 28, 2025

OS command injection in Astronomer dag-factory's CI/CD workflow allows remote attackers to execute code and steal repository secrets. The cicd.yml pull_request_target workflow ran an external contributor's pull-request code in the privileged target-repository context without prior authorization. An external pull request was sufficient to run commands on the GitHub Actions runner, read workflow secrets, and alter repository contents; no released library package contained the flaw.

CVSS severityUnavailable
Unscored
EPSS probability0.63%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in Astronomer dag-factory's CI/CD workflow allows remote attackers to execute code and steal repository secrets. The cicd.yml pull_request_target workflow ran an external contributor's pull-request code in the privileged target-repository context without prior authorization. An external pull request was sufficient to run commands on the GitHub Actions runner, read workflow secrets, and alter repository contents; no released library package contained the flaw.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54415
Published
Jul 26, 2025
Updated
Jul 28, 2025
Vendor
Astronomer
Product
dag-factory
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 0.23.0a9

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Astronomer · dag-factoryversion=< 0.23.0a9

Published CVSS scores

9.1GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:U

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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