CVE-2025-54314

Command execution via merge-tool string interpolation

Published Jul 20, 2025 · Updated Aug 10, 2025

OS command injection in Ruby on Rails Thor before 1.4.0 allows local users to execute commands through crafted merge-tool input. The merge helper interpolates a merge-tool string and file paths into one shell command passed to system, allowing shell metacharacters to alter execution. The supplier disputes exploitability because Thor controls the method arguments and external attackers cannot reach the functionality.

CVSS severity2.8
Low
EPSS probability0.16%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in Ruby on Rails Thor before 1.4.0 allows local users to execute commands through crafted merge-tool input. The merge helper interpolates a merge-tool string and file paths into one shell command passed to system, allowing shell metacharacters to alter execution. The supplier disputes exploitability because Thor controls the method arguments and external attackers cannot reach the functionality.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54314
Published
Jul 20, 2025
Updated
Aug 10, 2025
Vendor
Ruby on Rails
Product
Thor
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 20, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.4.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Ruby on Rails · Thorversion=0 <1.4.0

Published CVSS scores

2.8UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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