CVE-2025-54236Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via nested REST deserialization

Published Sep 9, 2025 · Updated Sep 9, 2025

Improper input validation in Adobe Commerce 2.4.9-alpha2 and earlier allows remote attackers to take over sessions through the REST API. The REST API's ServiceInputProcessor accepts nested object graphs from guest requests and permits them to redirect PHP's file-based session path to an uploaded serialized session, which PHP then unserializes. No account or user interaction is required; the demonstrated code-execution chain requires file-based session storage, while the vendor-confirmed impact is session takeover.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability95.35%
Next 30 days · Nov 1, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper input validation in Adobe Commerce 2.4.9-alpha2 and earlier allows remote attackers to take over sessions through the REST API. The REST API's ServiceInputProcessor accepts nested object graphs from guest requests and permits them to redirect PHP's file-based session path to an uploaded serialized session, which PHP then unserializes. No account or user interaction is required; the demonstrated code-execution chain requires file-based session storage, while the vendor-confirmed impact is session takeover.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54236
Published
Sep 9, 2025
Updated
Sep 9, 2025
Vendor
Adobe Inc.
Product
Adobe Commerce
Classifications
CWE-20, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 9, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
  3. Oct 22, 2025Exploitation reportedSessionReaper mass exploitation

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=2.4.4-p15

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Adobe Inc. · Adobe Commerceversion=0 <=2.4.4-p15

Published CVSS scores

9.1AdobeCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Activity data is delayed. The latest report is Sep 28, 2026.

Daily unique IPsShadowserver observations through Sep 28, 2026. Gaps indicate unavailable data.
Sep 22, 2026Sep 28, 2026
View daily counts
Reporting dayUnique IPs
Sep 22, 20261
Sep 23, 2026Unavailable
Sep 24, 2026Unavailable
Sep 25, 20261
Sep 26, 2026Unavailable
Sep 27, 20262
Sep 28, 20261
Latest reporting daySep 28, 2026
Latest daily unique IPs1
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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