CVE-2025-54100Public exploit

Code execution via unsafe web content parsing

Published Dec 9, 2025 · Updated Apr 16, 2026

Command injection in Windows PowerShell 5.1 on affected Windows releases allows attackers to execute code through malicious web content. Invoke-WebRequest passes downloaded HTML to Internet Explorer DOM parsing, which executes embedded script instead of treating the response as inert data. A user or automation must fetch attacker-controlled content without UseBasicParsing; execution occurs with the invoking user's privileges.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability1.60%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Windows PowerShell 5.1 on affected Windows releases allows attackers to execute code through malicious web content. Invoke-WebRequest passes downloaded HTML to Internet Explorer DOM parsing, which executes embedded script instead of treating the response as inert data. A user or automation must fetch attacker-controlled content without UseBasicParsing; execution occurs with the invoking user's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-54100
Published
Dec 9, 2025
Updated
Apr 16, 2026
Vendor
Microsoft
Product
Windows Server 2019
Classifications
CWE-77, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 16, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8146

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Microsoft · Windows Server 2019version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8146
Microsoft · Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.7462
Microsoft · Windows 11, version 25H2version=10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.7462
Microsoft · Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8688
Microsoft · Windows 11, version 24H2version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.7462
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)version=6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25815
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012version=6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25815
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 21H2version=10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.6691
Microsoft · Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)version=10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.2025
Microsoft · Windows Server 2016version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8688
Microsoft · Windows 11 Version 22H3version=10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6345
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1version=6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.28064
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)version=6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.28064
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 22H2version=10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.6691
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)version=6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22920
Microsoft · Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8146
Microsoft · Windows 11 Version 23H2version=10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6345
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1607version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8688
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2version=6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.23666
Microsoft · Windows Server 2022version=10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.4529
Microsoft · Windows Server 2025version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.7462
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1809version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8146
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 R2version=6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22920
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)version=6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.23666

Published CVSS scores

7.8MicrosoftCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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