CVE-2025-53928Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated command execution through MCP calls

Published Jul 17, 2025 · Updated Jul 17, 2025

Code injection in the MCP call in 1Panel-dev MaxKB before 1.10.9-lts or 2.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands. The vendor discloses only that an MCP call triggers command execution and a rebound shell; it does not identify the faulty function or input operation. Low-privileged access, high-complexity conditions, and user interaction are required, after which the attacker obtains a server shell.

CVSS severity4.6
Medium
EPSS probability0.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in the MCP call in 1Panel-dev MaxKB before 1.10.9-lts or 2.0.0 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands. The vendor discloses only that an MCP call triggers command execution and a rebound shell; it does not identify the faulty function or input operation. Low-privileged access, high-complexity conditions, and user interaction are required, after which the attacker obtains a server shell.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-53928
Published
Jul 17, 2025
Updated
Jul 17, 2025
Vendor
KubeOperator
Product
MaxKB
Classifications
CWE-94, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 17, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.10.9-lts
  2. Affected versionversion=< 2.0.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

KubeOperator · MaxKBversion=< 1.10.9-lts; version=< 2.0.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.6GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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