Service interruption via recursive JWT claim parsing
Published Jul 11, 2025 · Updated Sep 23, 2025
Denial of service in Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT 9.37.x before 9.37.4 and 10.0.x before 10.0.2 allows remote attackers to interrupt services. The JWT claim-set JSON parser recursively descends attacker-controlled nested objects without enforcing a depth limit, eventually exhausting the Java stack. No authentication or user interaction is required, but exposure depends on an embedding application passing attacker-controlled claim sets to the library; the reported consequence is limited to availability.
Summary
What happened
Denial of service in Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT 9.37.x before 9.37.4 and 10.0.x before 10.0.2 allows remote attackers to interrupt services. The JWT claim-set JSON parser recursively descends attacker-controlled nested objects without enforcing a depth limit, eventually exhausting the Java stack. No authentication or user interaction is required, but exposure depends on an embedding application passing attacker-controlled claim sets to the library; the reported consequence is limited to availability.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2025-53864
- Published
- Jul 11, 2025
- Updated
- Sep 23, 2025
- Vendor
- Connect2id
- Product
- Nimbus JOSE+JWT
- Classifications
- CWE-674, T1499
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jul 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Sep 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.
Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=0 <10.0.2
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Public exploit references
- Deeply nested JWT claim-set reproducerproof of concept · demonstrated
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
See the directory against your own environment.
Your stack
Check the software in your environment
Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.
Book a demo