CVE-2025-52994Network attack vector

Authenticated command execution via unquoted cjpeg filename

Published Jul 11, 2025 · Updated Jul 11, 2025

OS command injection in phpThumb 1.7.23 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute commands via a crafted filename. The gif_outputAsJpeg function passes lpszFileName into an exec-built cjpeg command without shell escaping, so metacharacters alter the command. Exploitation requires a non-Windows host with cjpeg available, successful BMP conversion, and control of the filename reaching phpthumb.gif.php; injected commands run with the web process's privileges.

CVSS severity4.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.69%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in phpThumb 1.7.23 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute commands via a crafted filename. The gif_outputAsJpeg function passes lpszFileName into an exec-built cjpeg command without shell escaping, so metacharacters alter the command. Exploitation requires a non-Windows host with cjpeg available, successful BMP conversion, and control of the filename reaching phpthumb.gif.php; injected commands run with the web process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-52994
Published
Jul 11, 2025
Updated
Jul 11, 2025
Vendor
phpThumb Project
Product
phpThumb
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.7.23

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

phpThumb Project · phpThumbversion=0 <=1.7.23

Published CVSS scores

4.9MITRECVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Command and Scripting Interpreter: Unix Shell

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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