CVE-2025-52970Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Administrator impersonation via unchecked cookie index

Published Aug 12, 2025 · Updated Jan 14, 2026

Authentication bypass in Fortinet FortiWeb allows remote attackers to gain administrator privileges through a crafted session cookie. The httpd cookie parser uses the unvalidated Era value as a shared-memory key index, allowing an out-of-bounds read to select a predictable zero key for payload encryption and HMAC signing. Exploitation requires non-public device and user details, an active target-user session, and brute-forcing a small session value; success permits impersonation of that administrator.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability9.75%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Fortinet FortiWeb allows remote attackers to gain administrator privileges through a crafted session cookie. The httpd cookie parser uses the unvalidated Era value as a shared-memory key index, allowing an out-of-bounds read to select a predictable zero key for payload encryption and HMAC signing. Exploitation requires non-public device and user details, an active target-user session, and brute-forcing a small session value; success permits impersonation of that administrator.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-52970
Published
Aug 12, 2025
Updated
Jan 14, 2026
Vendor
Fortinet
Product
FortiWeb
Classifications
CWE-233, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 14, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=7.0.0 <=7.0.10
  2. Affected versionversion=7.2.0 <=7.2.10
  3. Affected versionversion=7.4.0 <=7.4.7
  4. Affected versionversion=7.6.0 <=7.6.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Fortinet · FortiWebversion=7.0.0 <=7.0.10; version=7.2.0 <=7.2.10; version=7.4.0 <=7.4.7; version=7.6.0 <=7.6.3

Published CVSS scores

7.7FortinetCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:C
8.1NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-233Improper Handling of Parameters
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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