CVE-2025-52886Public exploit

Service interrupt via 32-bit reference-count overflow

Published Jul 2, 2025 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Use-after-free in Poppler before 25.06.0 allows attackers to interrupt PDF processing by supplying a crafted PDF file. The Annot.h, Array.h, Dict.h, and Stream.h counters use 32-bit std::atomic_int values that wrap to zero and free a still-referenced object. Triggering the flaw requires 2^32 reference increments during file processing, and the published test took about 12 hours.

CVSS severity5.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Use-after-free in Poppler before 25.06.0 allows attackers to interrupt PDF processing by supplying a crafted PDF file. The Annot.h, Array.h, Dict.h, and Stream.h counters use 32-bit std::atomic_int values that wrap to zero and free a still-referenced object. Triggering the flaw requires 2^32 reference increments during file processing, and the published test took about 12 hours.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-52886
Published
Jul 2, 2025
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
Libslirp Project
Product
Poppler
Classifications
CWE-416, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 2, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 25.06.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Libslirp Project · Popplerversion=< 25.06.0

Published CVSS scores

5.5GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.9NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-416Use After Free
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation Denial of Service

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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