CVE-2025-52089Known exploitationPublic exploit

Root command execution via hidden debug CGI

Published Jul 11, 2025 · Updated Jul 19, 2025

Command injection in TOTOLINK N300RB firmware 8.54 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands as root through a debug CGI. The /cgi-bin/d.cgi route appends the cmd parameter to an output-redirection string and passes the result to system(), while a hard-coded parameter acts as its only secret. Access requires the hidden feature to be enabled and the static secret to be supplied from an adjacent network, yielding root command execution and file reads.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability7.99%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in TOTOLINK N300RB firmware 8.54 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands as root through a debug CGI. The /cgi-bin/d.cgi route appends the cmd parameter to an output-redirection string and passes the result to system(), while a hard-coded parameter acts as its only secret. Access requires the hidden feature to be enabled and the static secret to be supplied from an adjacent network, yielding root command execution and file reads.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-52089
Published
Jul 11, 2025
Updated
Jul 19, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-306, T1059.004
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
  3. Oct 19, 2025Exploitation reportedRondoDox botnet exploitation activity

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

8.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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