CVE-2025-5173

Local code execution via unsafe torch.load

Published May 26, 2025 · Updated May 28, 2025

Insecure deserialization in HumanSignal Label Studio ML Backend allows local users to execute code by loading a crafted PT file. The BaseNN.load method passes its path argument directly to torch.load, allowing pickle opcodes embedded in an untrusted model file to run. Exploitation requires local low-privileged access and the application to load the attacker-controlled file, after which code runs in the backend process context.

CVSS severity4.8
Medium
EPSS probability0.22%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Insecure deserialization in HumanSignal Label Studio ML Backend allows local users to execute code by loading a crafted PT file. The BaseNN.load method passes its path argument directly to torch.load, allowing pickle opcodes embedded in an untrusted model file to run. Exploitation requires local low-privileged access and the application to load the attacker-controlled file, after which code runs in the backend process context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-5173
Published
May 26, 2025
Updated
May 28, 2025
Vendor
HumanSignal
Product
Label Studio ML Backend
Classifications
CWE-20, CWE-502
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=9fb7f4aa186612806af2becfb621f6ed8d9fdbaf

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

HumanSignal · Label Studio ML Backendversion=9fb7f4aa186612806af2becfb621f6ed8d9fdbaf

Published CVSS scores

5.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.8VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3VulDBCVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.3VulDBAV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
CWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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