CVE-2025-51678Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Processor misexecution via RTL-netlist interface mismatch

Published Jul 17, 2026 · Updated Jul 17, 2026

Hardware synthesis flaw in RISC-V PicoRV32 commit 87c89a allows context-dependent attackers to corrupt processor execution. The synthesized netlist fails to preserve RTL behavior: the memory interface miscalculates subsequent addresses, while the PCPI decode stage forwards incomplete or incorrect instructions. A crafted memory-address and PCPI-instruction combination produces unknown output, causing incorrect instruction fetching, unintended data retrieval, or faulty custom-instruction execution.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.61%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Hardware synthesis flaw in RISC-V PicoRV32 commit 87c89a allows context-dependent attackers to corrupt processor execution. The synthesized netlist fails to preserve RTL behavior: the memory interface miscalculates subsequent addresses, while the PCPI decode stage forwards incomplete or incorrect instructions. A crafted memory-address and PCPI-instruction combination produces unknown output, causing incorrect instruction fetching, unintended data retrieval, or faulty custom-instruction execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-51678
Published
Jul 17, 2026
Updated
Jul 17, 2026
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-704, CWE-119
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 17, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 17, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-704Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast
CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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