CVE-2025-5164Public exploitNetwork attack vector

JWT information disclosure via hard-coded key

Published May 26, 2025 · Updated May 28, 2025

Hard-coded key use in Perfree PerfreeBlog 4.0.11 allows remote attackers to expose limited JWT information through JwtUtil. JwtUtil supplies fixed cryptographic material to the JWT handler instead of using a deployment-specific secret. Exploitation requires a high-complexity remote attack, and the published vectors limit the demonstrated consequence to confidentiality loss without integrity or availability impact.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability0.74%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Hard-coded key use in Perfree PerfreeBlog 4.0.11 allows remote attackers to expose limited JWT information through JwtUtil. JwtUtil supplies fixed cryptographic material to the JWT handler instead of using a deployment-specific secret. Exploitation requires a high-complexity remote attack, and the published vectors limit the demonstrated consequence to confidentiality loss without integrity or availability impact.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-5164
Published
May 26, 2025
Updated
May 28, 2025
Vendor
Perfree
Product
PerfreeBlog
Classifications
CWE-321, CWE-320
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.0.11

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Perfree · PerfreeBlogversion=4.0.11

Published CVSS scores

8.1NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.3VulDB CNACVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.7VulDB CNACVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
3.7VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
2.6VulDB CNAAV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-321Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
CWE-320Key Management Errors

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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