CVE-2025-49828Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated Ruby code execution via ERB templates

Published Jul 15, 2025 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Template injection in affected CyberArk Conjur deployments allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary Ruby code through Policy Factory. Factories::Renderer passes database-stored policy and policy_branch templates directly to ERB.result_with_hash, which evaluates embedded Ruby expressions. Exploitation requires credentials with permission to write a factory template and access the factory-resources API; code runs in the Conjur server process.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability2.02%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Template injection in affected CyberArk Conjur deployments allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary Ruby code through Policy Factory. Factories::Renderer passes database-stored policy and policy_branch templates directly to ERB.result_with_hash, which evaluates embedded Ruby expressions. Exploitation requires credentials with permission to write a factory template and access the factory-resources API; code runs in the Conjur server process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-49828
Published
Jul 15, 2025
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
CyberArk
Product
Conjur
Classifications
CWE-1336, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 15, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=Conjur OSS >= 1.20.1, < 1.21.2
  2. Affected versionversion=Secrets Manager, Self-Hosted (formerly known as Conjur Enterprise) >= 13.1, < 13.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

CyberArk · Conjurversion=Conjur OSS >= 1.20.1, < 1.21.2; version=Secrets Manager, Self-Hosted (formerly known as Conjur Enterprise) >= 13.1, < 13.5

Published CVSS scores

8.6CyberArkCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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