CVE-2025-49604

Service interruption via oversized fragmented Wi-Fi frames

Published Jul 9, 2025 · Updated Sep 22, 2025

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Realtek AmebaD WLAN driver allows attackers to interrupt RTL8721D devices via fragmented Wi-Fi frames. The WLAN driver defragment function processes fragment sizes without validating them against the destination heap buffer. The attacker must be within Wi-Fi range, and Realtek does not specify whether the resulting interruption is a hang, crash, or reboot.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Realtek AmebaD WLAN driver allows attackers to interrupt RTL8721D devices via fragmented Wi-Fi frames. The WLAN driver defragment function processes fragment sizes without validating them against the destination heap buffer. The attacker must be within Wi-Fi range, and Realtek does not specify whether the resulting interruption is a hang, crash, or reboot.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-49604
Published
Jul 9, 2025
Updated
Sep 22, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-122, T1499
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 22, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

5.4CISACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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