CVE-2025-48976Network attack vector

Service interruption via multipart header memory exhaustion

Published Jun 16, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Resource exhaustion in Apache Commons FileUpload 1.0 through 1.5 and 2.0.0-M1 through 2.0.0-M3 allows remote attackers to interrupt service. FileUploadBase applies only a hard-coded 10 kB per-part header limit, allowing many large part headers to consume excessive heap memory. An unauthenticated attacker must reach an application endpoint that parses multipart uploads with the library; successful exploitation exhausts server memory and denies service.

CVSS severity8.7
High
EPSS probability62.65%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Resource exhaustion in Apache Commons FileUpload 1.0 through 1.5 and 2.0.0-M1 through 2.0.0-M3 allows remote attackers to interrupt service. FileUploadBase applies only a hard-coded 10 kB per-part header limit, allowing many large part headers to consume excessive heap memory. An unauthenticated attacker must reach an application endpoint that parses multipart uploads with the library; successful exploitation exhausts server memory and denies service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48976
Published
Jun 16, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache Commons FileUpload
Classifications
CWE-770, T1499.003
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.0 <1.6
  2. Affected versionversion=2.0.0-M1 <2.0.0-M4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache Commons FileUploadversion=1.0 <1.6; version=2.0.0-M1 <2.0.0-M4

Published CVSS scores

8.7GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499.003Application Exhaustion Flood

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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