CVE-2025-48965Network attack vector

Service interruption via inconsistent ASN.1 list state

Published Jul 20, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

NULL pointer dereference in Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 allows remote attackers to interrupt services through crafted X.509 name strings. mbedtls_asn1_store_named_data frees val.p for a repeated zero-length OID but leaves val.len nonzero, so later X.509 name parsing or writing dereferences NULL. Exposure requires an application to create certificates or CSRs from untrusted names; protected platforms crash, while microcontrollers without an MMU or MPU face code-execution risk.

CVSS severity4.0
Medium
EPSS probability0.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

NULL pointer dereference in Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 allows remote attackers to interrupt services through crafted X.509 name strings. mbedtls_asn1_store_named_data frees val.p for a repeated zero-length OID but leaves val.len nonzero, so later X.509 name parsing or writing dereferences NULL. Exposure requires an application to create certificates or CSRs from untrusted names; protected platforms crash, while microcontrollers without an MMU or MPU face code-execution risk.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48965
Published
Jul 20, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
TrustedFirmware.org
Product
Mbed TLS
Classifications
CWE-476, CWE-696
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 20, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <3.6.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

TrustedFirmware.org · Mbed TLSversion=0 <3.6.4

Published CVSS scores

7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0MITRECVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-476NULL Pointer Dereference
CWE-696Incorrect Behavior Order

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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