CVE-2025-4878

Signing failure via uninitialized private-key pointer

Published Jul 22, 2025 · Updated Sep 1, 2026

Use-after-free in libssh before 0.11.2 allows local users to cause signing failures or heap corruption through a missing key filename. The deprecated privatekey_from_file() function leaves a private-key variable uninitialized when the named file does not exist, then returns an invalid key that later code can use or free. Exploitation requires a local low-privileged user to reach a consuming application's call path; observed consequences are bounded to signing failure, invalid-key use, and heap corruption.

CVSS severity3.6
Low
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Use-after-free in libssh before 0.11.2 allows local users to cause signing failures or heap corruption through a missing key filename. The deprecated privatekey_from_file() function leaves a private-key variable uninitialized when the named file does not exist, then returns an invalid key that later code can use or free. Exploitation requires a local low-privileged user to reach a consuming application's call path; observed consequences are bounded to signing failure, invalid-key use, and heap corruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4878
Published
Jul 22, 2025
Updated
Sep 1, 2026
Vendor
389 Directory Server
Product
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
Classifications
CWE-416
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 1, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected versions are unavailable in this record. Check the vendor advisory for version and patch details.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

389 Directory Server · Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10Affected versions are unavailable in this record.
389 Directory Server · Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9Affected versions are unavailable in this record.
389 Directory Server · Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4Affected versions are unavailable in this record.
libssh · libsshversion=0 <0.11.2
389 Directory Server · Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8Affected versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

3.3libsshCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
3.6Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-416Use After Free

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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