CVE-2025-48710Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Cluster code execution via arbitrary container images

Published Jun 4, 2025 · Updated Jun 4, 2025

Confused-deputy behavior in kro 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows remote authenticated users to run code on cluster nodes. A ResourceGraphDefinition can carry an arbitrary container image reference, which the privileged kro controller materializes and runs as a Kubernetes workload. Exploitation requires permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources; the resulting code executes inside a cluster container.

CVSS severity4.1
Medium
EPSS probability0.38%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Confused-deputy behavior in kro 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows remote authenticated users to run code on cluster nodes. A ResourceGraphDefinition can carry an arbitrary container image reference, which the privileged kro controller materializes and runs as a Kubernetes workload. Exploitation requires permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources; the resulting code executes inside a cluster container.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48710
Published
Jun 4, 2025
Updated
Jun 4, 2025
Vendor
Kubernetes
Product
Kube Resource Orchestrator
Classifications
CWE-441, T1609.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 4, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0.1.0 <0.2.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Kubernetes · Kube Resource Orchestratorversion=0.1.0 <0.2.1

Published CVSS scores

4.1GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-441Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
T1609.001Deploy Container

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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