CVE-2025-4857Network attack vector

Administrator-level code execution via unsafe exportdownload inclusion

Published May 31, 2025 · Updated Apr 8, 2026

Local file inclusion in Tribulant Software Newsletters 4.9.9.9 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute PHP code. The exportdownload routine uses the file parameter without nonce verification, strict filename sanitization, or realpath-based directory validation. Administrator access is required, and code execution additionally depends on placing a PHP-bearing file where the routine can include it.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability0.77%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Local file inclusion in Tribulant Software Newsletters 4.9.9.9 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute PHP code. The exportdownload routine uses the file parameter without nonce verification, strict filename sanitization, or realpath-based directory validation. Administrator access is required, and code execution additionally depends on placing a PHP-bearing file where the routine can include it.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4857
Published
May 31, 2025
Updated
Apr 8, 2026
Vendor
Tribulant Software
Product
Newsletters
Classifications
CWE-22, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 31, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 8, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=4.9.9.9

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Tribulant Software · Newslettersversion=0 <=4.9.9.9

Published CVSS scores

7.2WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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