CVE-2025-4851Network attack vector

Authenticated command execution via unsanitized FileName

Published May 18, 2025 · Updated May 19, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK N300RH firmware 6.1c.1390_B20191101 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands via FileName. The setUploadUserData handler in /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi inserts the attacker-controlled FileName value into a system command without neutralizing shell metacharacters. Low-privileged access to the web management interface is required, and exploitation can read or alter device data and interrupt router service.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.45%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK N300RH firmware 6.1c.1390_B20191101 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands via FileName. The setUploadUserData handler in /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi inserts the attacker-controlled FileName value into a system command without neutralizing shell metacharacters. Low-privileged access to the web management interface is required, and exploitation can read or alter device data and interrupt router service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4851
Published
May 18, 2025
Updated
May 19, 2025
Vendor
TOTOLINK
Product
N300RH Firmware
Classifications
CWE-74, CWE-77, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 18, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.1c.1390_B20191101

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

TOTOLINK · N300RH Firmwareversion=6.1c.1390_B20191101

Published CVSS scores

6.3VulDBCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
6.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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