CVE-2025-48388Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Configuration injection via unsanitized environment values

Published May 29, 2025 · Updated May 29, 2025

CRLF injection in FreeScout before 1.8.178 allows remote authenticated users with admin rights to alter application configuration. Helper::setEnvFileVar writes settings values into the .env file without removing carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs, allowing injected variable lines. An administrator can set otherwise unavailable variables, including APP_KEY or an outbound proxy, exposing protected data or disrupting the service.

CVSS severity7.0
High
EPSS probability0.38%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

CRLF injection in FreeScout before 1.8.178 allows remote authenticated users with admin rights to alter application configuration. Helper::setEnvFileVar writes settings values into the .env file without removing carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs, allowing injected variable lines. An administrator can set otherwise unavailable variables, including APP_KEY or an outbound proxy, exposing protected data or disrupting the service.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48388
Published
May 29, 2025
Updated
May 29, 2025
Vendor
FreeScout
Product
FreeScout
Classifications
CWE-93, CWE-134, CAPEC-135, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.8.178

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

FreeScout · FreeScoutversion=< 1.8.178

Published CVSS scores

6.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
7.0GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-93Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
CWE-134Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
CAPEC-135Format String Injection
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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