CVE-2025-48375Network attack vector

Email flooding via unlimited OTP requests

Published May 23, 2025 · Updated May 23, 2025

Resource exhaustion in schule111 Schule before 1.0.1 allows remote attackers to flood registered users with OTP emails. The forgotPassword.php handler sends a newly generated OTP through PHPMailer for every qualifying email POST without limiting requests by account or source address. Unauthenticated network access and a registered email address are sufficient; repeated requests can harass the recipient and consume application and mail resources.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.42%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Resource exhaustion in schule111 Schule before 1.0.1 allows remote attackers to flood registered users with OTP emails. The forgotPassword.php handler sends a newly generated OTP through PHPMailer for every qualifying email POST without limiting requests by account or source address. Unauthenticated network access and a registered email address are sufficient; repeated requests can harass the recipient and consume application and mail resources.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48375
Published
May 23, 2025
Updated
May 23, 2025
Vendor
schule111
Product
Schule
Classifications
CWE-770, T1499.003
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.0.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

schule111 · Schuleversion=< 1.0.1

Published CVSS scores

6.6GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
5.3NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499.003Application Exhaustion Flood

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo