CVE-2025-48371Network attack vector

Unauthorized access via unvalidated contextual usersets

Published May 22, 2025 · Updated May 23, 2025

Improper authorization in OpenFGA 1.8.0 through 1.8.12 allows remote authenticated users to obtain unauthorized access through API queries. CombinedTupleReader.ReadUsersetTuples accepts contextual userset tuples based only on user shape instead of enforcing the model's allowed type and relation restrictions. Exploitation requires a Check or ListObjects query with a userset contextual tuple on a dual-assignable relationship that has no public-access tuple.

CVSS severity5.8
Medium
EPSS probability0.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper authorization in OpenFGA 1.8.0 through 1.8.12 allows remote authenticated users to obtain unauthorized access through API queries. CombinedTupleReader.ReadUsersetTuples accepts contextual userset tuples based only on user shape instead of enforcing the model's allowed type and relation restrictions. Exploitation requires a Check or ListObjects query with a userset contextual tuple on a dual-assignable relationship that has no public-access tuple.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48371
Published
May 22, 2025
Updated
May 23, 2025
Vendor
OpenFGA
Product
OpenFGA
Classifications
CWE-285, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 1.8.0, < 1.8.13

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenFGA · OpenFGAversion=>= 1.8.0, < 1.8.13

Published CVSS scores

5.8GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-285Improper Authorization
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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