CVE-2025-48187Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Account takeover via unlimited verification-code guesses

Published May 17, 2025 · Updated May 19, 2025

Improper restriction of authentication attempts in InfiniFlow RAGFlow 0.18.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to take over accounts. The /api/verify-code and /api/signup flows accept repeated guesses of six-digit email codes without rate limiting. Network access to the account interface and a target email address are sufficient to register, log in as, or reset the password of an account.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability0.54%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper restriction of authentication attempts in InfiniFlow RAGFlow 0.18.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to take over accounts. The /api/verify-code and /api/signup flows accept repeated guesses of six-digit email codes without rate limiting. Network access to the account interface and a target email address are sufficient to register, log in as, or reset the password of an account.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48187
Published
May 17, 2025
Updated
May 19, 2025
Vendor
InfiniFlow
Product
RAGFlow
Classifications
CWE-307, T1110.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=0.18.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

InfiniFlow · RAGFlowversion=0 <=0.18.1

Published CVSS scores

9.1NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
T1110.001Brute Force: Password Guessing

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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